Solar panel | Solar array act as components that change sunlight into electricity using solar cells. These are an green and sustainable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that collects sunlight to convert heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, space warming, or power generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a varied terrain of gentle slopes, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that mix heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental radiance emitted by the sun, essential for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a type of power generated by the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous systems and systems, facilitating modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way flow of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into current to operate various electronic devices. It comprises one or more galvanic units, each containing anode and cathode divided by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for home use and utility connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and ensuring secure, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity regularly, usually used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to measure the extent, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, temperature sensors, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge facilities that harness sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They offer a renewable and eco-friendly energy resource, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with photovoltaic panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This power is then beamed to Earth for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess energy generated from green sources or the grid for later use, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These solutions commonly employ batteries to offer backup power, reduce energy expenses, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells tracks the progress and advancements in photovoltaic tech from the initial finding of the solar effect to contemporary high-performance solar panels. It features significant milestones, including the creation of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have significantly enhanced energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist famous for his innovative work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the groundwork for understanding how light interacts with certain media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States inventor who developed the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious R&D entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its crucial role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar modules. It is a tough, breakable crystalline material with a bluish-gray sheen, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small unit installed on each solar panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach increases system performance, facilitates better system tracking, and improves energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to supply a sustainable and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon is a fundamental particle that represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It has a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the production of charge carriers. This effect is the fundamental foundation behind solar panel systems, enabling the harnessing of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as people, furniture, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power is the rate at which electric power flows by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a unit of energy transfer rate in the SI system, showing the speed of energy flow or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic potential difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the energy per single charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of voltage, potential difference, and EMF in the metric system. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between two points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor, usually measured in amps. It is necessary for powering electronic gadgets and facilitating the working of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp serves as the measure of electrical current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It indicates the movement of electric charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and power of power systems to maintain secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is often used for recharging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that changes DC from sources like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the application of standard electrical devices in environments where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as an collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically regulate the orientation of solar panels to track the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, enhancing solar energy capture. This technology increases the efficiency of solar energy collection by keeping optimal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to optimize the power generation of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the working point to match the optimal power point of the solar panels. This methodology ensures the best performance power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that monitors and examines the efficiency of solar panel systems in real-time, offering important data on energy production and system condition. It helps maximize solar power output by identifying problems ahead of time and ensuring maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to power homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless minute silicon crystal structures, frequently used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its production involves melting and reforming silicon to create a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium type of silicon with a single crystal framework, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its homogeneous framework allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in superior performance compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a type of thin film solar system that offers a economical and efficient alternative for large-scale solar energy production. They are recognized for their excellent absorption efficiency and comparatively low manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible photovoltaic cells that employ a multi-layered compound of copper, In, Ga, and selenium to transform sunlight into power efficiently. They are recognized for their excellent light capturing efficiency, flexibility, and capability for compact, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it more flexible and simpler to apply than structured silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic panels aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that employ several p-n junctions layered in unison to capture a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. They are primarily used in space missions and advanced solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are vital components that transform sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or reflectors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, providing a economical option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in multiple technological fields. These coatings are essential in electronic devices, optics, and coatings for their special physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a renewable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a stratum of material covering tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in various industries, including electronic devices, optics, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision gauges used to exactly measure tiny gaps or thicknesses, commonly in machining and production. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, circular slice of silicon crystal used as the base for producing semiconductor devices. It serves as the core material in the fabrication of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are compact solar units famous for their high efficiency and bendability, ideal for various uses. They use a stratified semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight directly into electricity with outstanding performance in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a comparatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into electricity using solar panels, supplying a sustainable energy source for home, industrial, and grid applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, renewable, and affordable way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that utilize carbon-based compounds, to convert sunlight into electric power. They are compact, pliable, and offer the potential for more affordable, extensive solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic compound used in laminate solar cells due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, outer walls, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a transparent film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, increases energy efficiency, and gives a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations details various extensive solar energy plants around the planet, showcasing their capacities and sites. These stations function a vital role in renewable energy generation and international efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale installations that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, global warming, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, wind, and water. It offers a renewable option to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental impact and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the main fuels for electricity generation and mobility but pose environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and green energy into electricity. This process typically occurs in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as Pb, mercury, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how effectively a solar panel generates sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological advancements and decreasing costs. This growth is revolutionizing the international energy scene by raising the percentage of renewable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent component that refracts light to bring together or spread out rays, forming images. It is frequently used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It boosts the clarity and brightness of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes counteract each other, resulting in a reduction or complete elimination of the combined wave. This event typically happens when the waveforms are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, commonly employed in power supply systems. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, allowing efficient transmission over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature component used to transform direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It enhances system efficiency by maximizing power output at the panel level and simplifies setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric flow regularly reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in homes and factories to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical connector used to provide DC energy from a energy source to an electronic device. It usually consists of a round plug and receptacle that provide a firm and trustworthy connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international protection approval organization that tests and approves products to guarantee they comply with particular security requirements. It helps consumers and businesses recognize reliable and secure products through rigorous assessment and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a solid-state device that permits current to move in a single direction exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, designed to provide electrical energy for various devices and add-ons within a car. It allows users to recharge electronic electronics or run small appliances when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral devices to PCs, facilitating information exchange and power supply. It supports a wide range of peripherals such as keyboards, mouses, external storage devices, and cell phones, with multiple generations providing faster speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency plays a key role in maximizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from radio waves to gamma rays, featuring different wavelengths and power. This range is essential for many technologies and the natural world, allowing communication, medical imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a key role in processes like vitamin D production but can also cause skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color design based on variations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This design approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to calculate the magnitude of power or energy flow received or emitted over a specific surface, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the dispersion and transfer of radiation across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of various hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is often used to depict the spread of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large mass of air's with fairly consistent thermal and humidity features, deriving from from specific origin zones. These airmass influence weather systems and air states as they travel over diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the intensity per unit area received from the Sun in the form of light. It changes with solar cycles and Earth's weather systems, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dust, and impurities on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their output. Regular cleaning and care are essential to limit energy waste and guarantee maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the highest power generation of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak capacity to create electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to check the voltage between two locations in a circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi-metal element essential for plant growth and employed in various industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that render it beneficial in creating robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of utilizing land for both solar energy output and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This method enhances crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy output. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides cover while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a collection of multiple photovoltaic modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to produce renewable, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that provides shade and shelter from the conditions for exterior areas. It improves the usability and visual charm of a terrace, making it a cozy zone for rest and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a point of interest. It is frequently used in navigation, surveying, and celestial observation to specify the orientation of an object in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates outstanding optical properties, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies showcases the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in driving solar energy implementation and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of energy output equal to one billion W, used to measure big electricity generation and consumption. It is generally associated with power plants, power grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, expert in manufacturing thin film-based solar cells that deliver excellent efficiency and economical energy production. The firm is committed to sustainable renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly connecting various parts of manufacturing and automated systems to improve productivity and reliability. It focuses on building innovative solutions that promote efficient communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an leading Chinese firm expert in manufacturing and innovating solar-powered photovoltaic items and systems. Famous for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion watts, often utilized to describe the capacity of massive power generation or usage. It emphasizes the huge power magnitude involved in contemporary energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the cost per unit of production reduces as cumulative output rises, due to gaining knowledge and optimization gained over time. This concept highlights the significance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and boosting output in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, green energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that renewable energy technologies are economically comparable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a grid of power lines, delivering a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is delivered through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is captured from the sun's rays using solar cells to generate electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It represents a renewable, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, corporate, and manufacturing settings to produce clean, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, offering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy items features a selection of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, supporting eco-friendly and renewable living. These items include ranging from solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, delivering flexible options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses plus mirrors focusing sunlight onto highly efficient solar cells, considerably enhancing power output from a compact footprint. This technology is highly suitable where bright, direct sunlight and offers a promising approach to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |