Solar panel | Solar array act as instruments that convert sunlight into electricity using solar cells. These are an green and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural legacy, iconic landmarks, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of rolling hills, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that blend heritage with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, crucial for life on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of energy resulting from the motion of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers innumerable devices and networks, facilitating modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a negative electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way stream of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that stores chemical energy and changes it into electric power to operate various electronic devices. It consists of several galvanic cells, each comprising anode and cathode separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an green power solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and ensuring safe, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes direction regularly, generally used in domestic and business power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It ensures optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to measure the extent, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, thermometers, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They offer a green and renewable energy power, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves placing photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess power generated from renewable sources or the grid for future use, boosting energy independence and efficiency. These installations generally use batteries to offer backup energy, reduce energy costs, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels chronicles the development and innovations in solar power tech from the beginning invention of the solar effect to contemporary advanced solar panels. It features significant breakthroughs, including the development of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent developments that have greatly improved energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His research laid the foundation for comprehending how radiation interacts with certain materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States inventor who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious R&D organization historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, famous for its essential role in the production of electronics and solar cells. It is a solid, brittle crystal material with a steel-gray shine, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a little unit installed on each photovoltaic panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method improves system efficiency, enables better performance monitoring, and increases power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to supply a green and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a elementary particle that represents a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without having rest mass. It has a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the process by which specific substances turn sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This phenomenon is the fundamental principle behind solar cell technology, allowing the harnessing of solar sunlight for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the identical voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification refers to the rate at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a standard of energy transfer rate in the SI system, indicating the measure of energy transfer or conversion. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which drives the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the work per unit charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per charge unit between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electric charge through a conductor, usually measured in amperes. It is crucial for powering electronic devices and allowing the working of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the standard of electric flow in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and power of power systems to ensure reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for recharging and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) from sources like batteries or solar panels into AC suitable for household appliances. It permits the use of regular electrical equipment in environments where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the angle of solar panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the day, optimizing solar energy capture. This system improves the efficiency of solar energy collection by maintaining ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to enhance the energy production of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the performance point to correspond to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure guarantees the most efficient energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a device that tracks and examines the efficiency of solar power systems in live, providing useful data on energy generation and system condition. It aids optimize solar power generation by identifying issues ahead of time and securing maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous minute silicon crystals, commonly used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline structure suitable for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a uniform lattice structure, making it extremely capable for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its uniform formation allows for improved electron flow, resulting in superior performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a category of film solar method that presents a affordable and effective option for large-scale solar energy generation. They are their excellent absorption performance and relatively low manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible photovoltaic devices that utilize a multi-layered material of copper, indium, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into electricity effectively. They are recognized for their excellent light capturing performance, flexibility, and potential for lightweight, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous molecular arrangement, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and flexible features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that use various p-n junctions layered together to capture a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. They are mostly used in space satellites and advanced solar power systems due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that convert solar radiation into electricity to supply onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use focusing elements or mirrors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-band solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This approach is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in areas with sunny sunlight, providing a cost-effective solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, economical alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in diverse technological fields. These layers are important in electronics, optics, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a sheet of substance covering a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronics, optical technologies, and healthcare, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision measuring instruments used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, generally in machining and production. They feature a calibrated screw system that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a slender, round section of silicon crystal used as the substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the primary material in the production of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar units known for their superior output and bendability, making them suitable for multiple fields. They employ a multilayer semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight immediately into power with excellent effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into power using PV cells, providing a sustainable energy source for residential, commercial, and large-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, renewable, and affordable way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with potential for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that employ carbon-based compounds, to turn sunlight into electric power. They are compact, pliable, and provide lower-cost, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential semiconductor compound used in layer solar panels due to its abundant and safe elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an attractive alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, building exteriors, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to scatter through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a light film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations information various large-scale solar energy plants around the world, showcasing their output and positions. These stations play a important role in renewable energy generation and international efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive installations that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, breezes, and hydroelectric power. It offers a eco-friendly option to fossil fuels, reducing environmental impact and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the chief energy sources for power production and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process generally happens in power plants where turbines and generators work together to produce power for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as plumbum, mercury, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how well a solar panel converts sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for increasing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided significant indication for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and decreasing costs. This growth is revolutionizing the global energy landscape by boosting the share of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through component that bends light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is often used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It improves the crispness and luminosity of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their wave heights counteract each other, resulting in a reduction or full disappearance of the resultant waveform. This occurrence typically happens when the waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally throughout its cycle, enabling effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a compact component used to transform DC from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It boosts system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the module level and eases installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a network where the potential difference and current cyclically reverse direction, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in households and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical plug used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that provide a secure and consistent connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international safety certification agency that assesses and endorses products to guarantee they comply with certain safety standards. It helps consumers and businesses identify dependable and safe products through strict review and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this arrangement, the constant current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a solid-state device that allows current to pass in one way only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, intended to provide electrical energy for different devices and attachments inside a automobile. It permits users to power electronic devices or operate small devices while on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral peripherals to computing systems, allowing data transmission and power supply. It backs a broad spectrum of hardware such as keypads, pointer devices, external drives, and smartphones, with different versions delivering faster speeds and upgraded performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio waves to gamma rays, featuring different wavelengths and energies. This spectrum is essential for a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It plays a important role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color design based on alterations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes simplicity and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to measure the magnitude of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with grasping the distribution and conveyance of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is often used to depict the spread of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of atmosphere with fairly uniform temp and dampness characteristics, coming from from specific origin areas. These air masses impact weather patterns and atmospheric conditions as they move across different zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the form of solar rays. It varies with solar cycles and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dirt, and impurities on the surface of solar arrays, which diminishes their efficiency. Routine maintenance and maintenance are necessary to reduce energy waste and maintain optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the maximum power output of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak capacity to create electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to determine the voltage between two points in a circuit. It is widely employed in numerous electrical and electronic setups to ensure proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic element essential for plant development and used in different industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses special chemical traits that cause it valuable in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic modules to generate renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of using land for both solar energy generation and farming, maximizing space and resources. This method enhances crop production while simultaneously producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of several solar modules arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to deliver clean, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that provides shade and protection from the conditions for al fresco areas. It improves the usability and look of a patio, making it a comfortable zone for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an viewer to a destination. It is frequently used in navigation, surveying, and astronomy to specify the bearing of an target with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical properties, making it a preferred choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to measure big energy production and usage. It is typically associated with electricity stations, national grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar power solutions, expert in making thin film-based solar cells that offer excellent efficiency and economical power generation. The company is focused on sustainable energy development and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly integrating various elements of factory and automated systems to boost efficiency and reliability. It focuses on building innovative solutions that promote seamless communication and cooperation among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese company expert in the manufacturing and development of solar photovoltaic products and solutions. Renowned for its advanced technology and green energy projects within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion watts, often used to indicate the capacity of massively scaled power generation or usage. It underscores the huge power extent involved in current energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost drops as overall production rises, due to gaining knowledge and improvements obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the value of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of creating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or less than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that sustainable energy sources are economically viable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a system of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for guaranteeing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the sun's rays using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It is a green, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, business, and manufacturing sites to create clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar energy products features a selection of devices that harness sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and eco-conscious living. These solutions include ranging from solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, providing flexible solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a installation that converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize lenses plus reflectors to focus solar radiation on highly efficient solar cells, considerably enhancing power output using less space. This method is highly suitable in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides an innovative way to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |