| Solar panel | Solar array serve as components that convert sunlight into using photovoltaic cells. They are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a system that collects sunlight to generate heat, usually used for hot water production or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and vibrant urban areas like London. It boasts a diverse landscape of rolling hills, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that mix heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental light emitted by the sun, essential for existence on Earth as it offers fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a type of power resulting from the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It powers countless appliances and infrastructures, facilitating today’s lifestyle and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the one-way flow of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that stores chemical energy and changes it into electric power to power various electronic gadgets. It includes one or more galvanic cells, each housing electrode pairs interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an green power solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into AC suitable for home use and grid connection. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and guaranteeing safe, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses direction cyclically, typically used in home and commercial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It provides optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to determine the extent, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, temperature sensors, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that automatically the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale plants that harness sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This power is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems retain excess power generated from green sources or the grid for later use, improving energy independence and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to deliver backup power, cut down energy costs, and aid grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells chronicles the progress and advancements in photovoltaic tech from the early finding of the solar effect to contemporary high-performance solar arrays. It features major breakthroughs, including the development of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have greatly improved power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist famous for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His research laid the foundation for comprehending how light interacts with particular substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US inventor who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous research and development entity historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, widely known for its key role in the fabrication of electronics and solar cells. It is a solid, breakable crystal substance with a steel-gray shine, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach increases system efficiency, enables improved performance oversight, and improves power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a component that converts sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is commonly used in solar panels to provide a renewable and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon is a elementary particle which represents a unit of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It has a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which specific substances turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This effect is the core foundation behind solar cell technology, allowing the utilization of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its organized, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers just several micrometers in thickness to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as people, fixtures, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in structural design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components sequentially, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification is the velocity at which electricity flows by an electrical network, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a unit of energy conversion in the SI system, representing the measure of energy flow or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which drives the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the energy per unit charge accessible to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per coulomb between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electrical charge through a metal wire, usually measured in amperes. It is crucial for energizing electronic gadgets and allowing the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere is the unit of electrical current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It quantifies the flow of electric charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and capacity of power systems to maintain safe and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a easy and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for charging and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that converts DC from supplies like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It permits the use of regular electrical equipment in settings where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack is a collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the angle of solar modules to follow the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, enhancing solar energy capture. This innovation improves the effectiveness of solar energy collection by keeping ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to optimize the power generation of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the operating point to correspond to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology provides the highest efficiency energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and evaluates the performance of solar power systems in instantaneous, providing useful data on energy generation and system health. It assists optimize solar energy generation by detecting issues early and securing highest performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in solar panels to power homes, appliances, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of many tiny silicon lattice structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves fusing and restructuring silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form fit for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a single crystal framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its uniform formation allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in superior functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a category of film solar technology that offers a affordable and high-performance option for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are known as their high absorption capability and moderately reduced manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices that employ a multi-layered material of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to transform sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are recognized for their excellent light capturing performance, bendability, and potential for compact, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a disordered molecular configuration, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its affordability and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are innovative photovoltaic devices that use several p-n junctions layered in unison to capture a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly used in space missions and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that transform solar radiation into electricity to supply onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use focusing elements or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technique is ideal for massive solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, delivering a economical solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a fine layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in various technological fields. These films are crucial in electronics, optics, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a stratum of substance ranging from tiny nanometric scales to a few microns in depth, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in various industries, including electronics industry, optics, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are accurate gauges used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or depths, generally in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a narrow, circular section of silicon crystal used as the platform for constructing semiconductor devices. It serves as the basic material in the fabrication of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact photovoltaic devices known for their high efficiency and bendability, ideal for various uses. They employ a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight directly into electrical energy with outstanding performance in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into electricity using PV cells, supplying a renewable energy source for household, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and economical way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with potential for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that employ carbon-based compounds, to convert sun's energy into electrical power. They are compact, pliable, and enable more affordable, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential semiconductor material used in layer solar panels due to its abundant and harmless elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an attractive option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves placing a light film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations overview various large-scale solar energy facilities around the planet, showcasing their power and locations. These facilities serve a crucial role in renewable energy production and global efforts to cut carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, global warming, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, wind, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable option to non-renewable energy sources, minimizing ecological footprint and supporting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as coal, crude oil, and methane, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the main energy sources for electricity generation and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and green energy into electricity. This process generally happens in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce power for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as lead, mercury, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how well a solar cell transforms sunlight into usable power. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for increasing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided key evidence for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This expansion is transforming the global energy landscape by increasing the share of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through instrument that bending light to bring together or separate rays, forming images. It is often used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It improves the crispness and luminosity of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels negate each other, causing a decrease or full disappearance of the combined wave. This event usually happens when these waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity, typically used in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern over time, enabling cost-effective transfer over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A compact inverter is a miniature component used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system efficiency by optimizing power output at the module level and eases installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical power delivered through a network where the potential difference and electric flow regularly reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is generally used in residences and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical connector used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an device. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that ensure a reliable and consistent connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a worldwide safety validation agency that tests and endorses products to guarantee they comply with certain safety standards. It supports consumers and companies find dependable and protected products through strict review and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the identical current passes through all parts, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows units to operate independently, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode is a solid-state device that allows current to pass in a single sense exclusively, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, intended to provide electrical power for different devices and accessories inside of a automobile. It allows users to charge electronic devices or run small electronics while on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripherals to computing systems, facilitating data transfer and power delivery. It accommodates a broad spectrum of peripherals such as input devices, mice, external drives, and smartphones, with various revisions delivering increased speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency plays a key role in increasing energy generation and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing breakthroughs in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from radio signals to high-energy photons, featuring diverse lengths and energies. This band is essential for many technologies and natural phenomena, allowing data exchange, healthcare imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It has a important role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on variations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This design approach emphasizes simplicity and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to measure the intensity of energy or power received or emitted over a specific area, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the dispersion and transfer of energy across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is often used to depict the spread of light or signal frequencies in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a big mass of air with comparatively uniform temp and humidity characteristics, coming from from certain source regions. These airmass affect weather patterns and sky conditions as they travel over various zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the energy per unit area received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dirt, and impurities on the surface of solar panels, which reduces their performance. Routine maintenance and maintenance are important to minimize energy loss and guarantee optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the maximum power output of a solar module under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak potential to create electricity in typical testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to measure the potential difference between two points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic chemical element crucial for plant development and employed in multiple industrial applications, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical traits that make it valuable in creating durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using large groups of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined method of using land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, maximizing space and resources. This method improves crop production while simultaneously producing renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy production. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by leveraging albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a structure that provides cover while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of multiple solar panels configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in sustainable power systems to deliver clean, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that delivers shade and protection from the weather for al fresco areas. It improves the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a cozy area for leisure and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a target object. It is commonly used in navigation, land measurement, and astronomy to define the orientation of an object relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic material commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It demonstrates outstanding optical properties, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy integration and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to assess large-scale power generation production and consumption. It is generally associated with power plants, power grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV power solutions, expert in producing thin film solar panels that provide excellent efficiency and affordable energy production. The firm is dedicated to sustainable energy development and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly connecting various elements of industrial and automated systems to enhance efficiency and reliability. It focuses on developing cutting-edge solutions that facilitate efficient communication and compatibility among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a top Chinese-based firm specializing in the manufacturing and development of solar-powered photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion W, often used to describe the potential of massive power production or consumption. It emphasizes the vast power magnitude involved in modern power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the unit cost reduces as cumulative output increases, due to learning and optimization gained over time. This effect highlights the significance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and boosting output in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, green energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that sustainable energy sources are economically viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a system of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is essential for guaranteeing the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It is a renewable, eco-friendly, and planet-friendly power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in home, corporate, and manufacturing settings to produce clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of sun-powered products features a range of gadgets that capture sunlight to convert energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These solutions include everything from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, providing flexible alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that generates sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses and reflectors focusing sunlight on highly efficient solar cells, significantly increasing energy capture from less space. This method is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
