Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are devices that transform sunlight into using photovoltaic cells. They are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to generate heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its wealthy cultural legacy, iconic landmarks, and lively cities like London. It boasts a diverse terrain of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that mix tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic illumination emitted by the sun, vital for living organisms on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of energy generated by the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers innumerable appliances and systems, facilitating modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that holds chemical energy and transforms it into current to power various digital equipment. It consists of multiple galvanic units, each containing electrode pairs interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into power using photovoltaic panels composed of solar cells. It is an green power solution that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a unit that transforms DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for home use and grid connection. It is vital for maximizing energy efficiency and providing safe, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity periodically, generally used in home and commercial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that controls the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It provides efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a instrument used to determine the extent, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, climate gauges, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This technology boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that harness sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a green and eco-friendly energy resource, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess power generated from renewable sources or the power grid for future use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These installations generally use batteries to offer backup power, cut down energy costs, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells documents the advancement and innovations in solar energy tech from the initial invention of the solar effect to current high-efficiency solar arrays. It highlights significant milestones, including the development of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have greatly improved power transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic physicist famous for his groundbreaking work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His experiments laid the groundwork for grasping how radiation interacts with certain substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US creator who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious innovative entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its key role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar modules. It is a solid, brittle crystalline substance with a bluish-gray shine, primarily used as a electronic component in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small unit installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method improves system performance, allows for enhanced performance oversight, and boosts energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a component that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy process. It is commonly used in solar arrays to provide a sustainable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a basic particle that represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the process by which particular compounds turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind solar panel systems, enabling the capturing of solar solar power for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, furnishings, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the same voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power represents the speed at which electrical energy flows by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the metric system, representing the speed of energy transfer or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which causes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per unit charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per coulomb between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electrical charge through a metal wire, commonly measured in amperes. It is necessary for energizing electronic gadgets and facilitating the working of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the unit of electrical current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and capacity of power systems to maintain reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to protect wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for recharging and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes DC from supplies like cells or solar arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It permits the use of common electrical appliances in environments where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the angle of solar modules to follow the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, optimizing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power gathering by maintaining optimal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the energy production of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the working point to match the optimal power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process guarantees the best performance energy harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that monitors and evaluates the performance of solar power systems in real-time, delivering valuable data on energy production and system status. It helps optimize solar energy generation by spotting problems promptly and ensuring highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to power homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many small silicon crystals, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity type of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its consistent framework allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in higher performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a type of film solar method that provides a economical and high-performance solution for extensive solar energy production. They are their excellent absorption performance and relatively affordable manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible solar cells that employ a layered compound of copper, In, Ga, and selenium to convert sunlight into power effectively. They are recognized for their high absorption efficiency, flexibility, and possibility for compact, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a disordered molecular structure, making it easier to handle and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its economic advantage and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that use various p-n connections stacked in tandem to capture a wider range of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. They are primarily used in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that generate solar radiation into electricity to operate onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize focusing elements or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is suitable for large capacity solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, providing a economical approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and flexible form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in diverse technological applications. These films are crucial in electronic systems, optical systems, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a layer of material spanning a few nanometers to several micrometers in dimension, often applied to surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics, optical technologies, and medical applications, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision devices used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in mechanical engineering and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a fine, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the substrate for constructing semiconductor devices. It serves as the core material in the creation of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film photovoltaic devices famous for their high efficiency and bendability, perfect for diverse applications. They employ a stratified semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight immediately into electricity with outstanding efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into energy using solar panels, supplying a renewable energy source for residential, business, and large-scale applications. They offer a eco-friendly, sustainable, and economical way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into electricity using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and generate electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photoelectric devices that employ organic materials, to transform solar radiation into electrical power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and enable more affordable, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor material used in layer solar modules due to its plentiful and harmless elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an attractive substitute for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves placing a light film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations overview various massive solar energy installations around the globe, showcasing their output and positions. These stations function a important role in renewable energy production and international efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale facilities that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in clean energy production, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as waste, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, air currents, and hydropower. It offers a renewable alternative to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental harm and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, crude oil, and methane, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the chief fuels for power production and mobility but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and green energy into electrical energy. This process typically occurs in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as lead, Hg, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how effectively a solar panel transforms sunlight into usable electricity. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This development is transforming the world energy sector by increasing the share of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a business scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover large areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a transparent component that bending light to focus or separate rays, creating images. It is frequently used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the crispness and luminosity of lenses by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their wave heights negate each other, causing a diminution or total eradication of the combined wave. This occurrence generally happens when the waveforms are out of phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, typically used in power supply systems. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, permitting efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a tiny device used to change DC from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It boosts system efficiency by optimizing power output at the panel level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage and current cyclically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in residences and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical plug used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an device. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that guarantee a secure and consistent link for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global protection approval body that evaluates and endorses products to ensure they comply with certain security requirements. It helps consumers and firms identify trustworthy and safe products through strict review and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all parts, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a semiconductor device that permits current to move in a single way only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12-volt, intended to supply electrical power for different devices and accessories inside a automobile. It permits users to charge electronic devices or use small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral devices to computers, facilitating information exchange and electric power. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keypads, mice, external storage, and mobile phones, with various revisions delivering increased speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy production and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, extending from wireless signals to high-energy photons, featuring varied lengths and energy levels. This range is fundamental to a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, allowing communication, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It plays a crucial role in such as vitamin D production but can also result in skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on shades of a single hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to measure the intensity of power or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, often in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with grasping the distribution and transfer of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is commonly used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a large volume of atmosphere with comparatively uniform temperature and humidity features, coming from from particular source zones. These airmass influence weather patterns and sky states as they pass through various regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the power per square kilometer received from the solar source in the manner of light. It changes with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dirt, and other particles on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their efficiency. Regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary to minimize energy decrease and guarantee best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the highest power generation of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak ability to create electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to determine the electrical potential between two locations in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power output and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid element necessary for plant growth and employed in different industrial uses, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits distinctive chemical properties that cause it beneficial in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic solar panels to produce renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of employing land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, making the most of space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while at the same time producing renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, improving overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a framework that provides cover while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of several solar panels configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to produce environmentally friendly, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a construction that offers shade and cover from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the practicality and visual charm of a patio, making it a cozy area for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a point of interest. It is often used in wayfinding, mapping, and astrophysics to specify the orientation of an celestial body relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance widely used in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and affordability. It exhibits excellent optical features, making it a preferred choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies play a crucial role in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to assess big power generation output and usage. It is generally associated with generating stations, power grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a international leader in solar PV power solutions, expert in producing thin film-based solar cells that provide high efficiency and affordable energy production. The firm is committed to sustainable renewable energy advancement and decreasing the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly connecting various components of factory and automated systems to boost performance and dependability. It concentrates on developing innovative solutions that facilitate efficient communication and compatibility among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an prominent Chinese-based company focused on producing and developing photovoltaic solar goods and services. Famous for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to represent the capacity of massively scaled electricity production or consumption. It emphasizes the huge power extent involved in modern power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost reduces as cumulative output grows, due to gaining knowledge and optimization gained over time. This concept highlights the significance of accumulated experience in reducing costs and improving productivity in production and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy transform sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, renewable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy technologies are cost-effectively comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a grid of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It is a green, sustainable, and planet-friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, corporate, and manufacturing environments to generate renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy products features a variety of tools that harness sunlight to generate energy, supporting green and sustainable living. These items include ranging from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, delivering versatile alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a plant that converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ optical lenses plus mirrors to focus sunlight on highly efficient solar cells, considerably increasing energy capture from a compact footprint. This approach is particularly effective in areas with bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |