Solar panel | Solar array serve as instruments that transform sunlight into using solar cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the UK known for its abundant cultural heritage, iconic landmarks, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of gentle slopes, ancient castles, and lively city hubs that mix tradition with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic light emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of energy due to the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It powers innumerable systems and infrastructures, enabling modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction stream of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to operate various electronic gadgets. It comprises one or more electrochemical cells, each containing positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a unit that transforms DC created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for home use and grid connection. It is vital for maximizing energy efficiency and guaranteeing safe, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips direction cyclically, usually used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to ascertain the size, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, climate gauges, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are massive plants that utilize sunlight to generate electricity using numerous solar panels. They offer a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess power generated from renewable sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems generally use batteries to deliver backup energy, lower energy expenses, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar cells tracks the advancement and innovations in solar power technology from the beginning invention of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-performance solar panels. It highlights major milestones, including the creation of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have substantially enhanced power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born physicist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the basis for grasping how illumination interacts with specific substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an American inventor who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious research and development organization historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its crucial role in the production of electronic components and solar cells. It is a solid, fragile solid solid with a blue-grey sheen, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little device installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This approach enhances system effectiveness, facilitates better system tracking, and boosts energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a device that transforms sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in solar panels to offer a sustainable and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a elementary particle representing a unit of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It serves a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds turn sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the basic foundation behind solar panel systems, enabling the capturing of solar solar power for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of structural elements and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power represents the velocity at which electric power is conveyed by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and renewable energy, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, showing the speed of energy transfer or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and represents the power per individual charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the base unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electricity through a metal wire, commonly measured in A. It is essential for supplying electronic gadgets and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the standard of electrical flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electric charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and capacity of power systems to guarantee secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to protect wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is commonly used for powering and energizing a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a device that converts DC from inputs like batteries or solar arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It allows the use of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as a collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically align the angle of photovoltaic panels to follow the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, maximizing solar energy capture. This innovation increases the efficiency of solar energy collection by maintaining ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to optimize the power generation of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar panels. This process provides the highest efficiency energy extraction, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that observes and evaluates the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, delivering useful data on power output and system condition. It helps enhance solar power output by identifying faults early and guaranteeing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous small silicon crystal structures, commonly used in solar panels and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves melting and reforming silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a high-purity type of silicon with a continuous lattice structure, making it highly efficient for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its consistent structure allows for improved charge movement, resulting in better efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a category of film solar technology that presents a affordable and efficient option for extensive solar energy production. They are known as their excellent absorption efficiency and moderately low manufacturing costs compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible solar cells that use a multi-layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity effectively. They are known for their high light capturing performance, bendability, and potential for lightweight, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered atomic structure, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ various p-n junctions layered together to collect a broader range of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space missions and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that generate solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard systems. Generally lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for massive solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, providing a economical approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with reliable operation in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological applications. These coatings are vital in electronic devices, optics, and films for their distinctive physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of compound spanning a few nanometers to a few microns in dimension, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in various industries, including electronics, light manipulation, and medicine, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision gauges used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a fine, round section of silicon crystal used as the platform for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the creation of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar units famous for their excellent performance and flexibility, ideal for various uses. They utilize a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that converts sunlight straight into electrical energy with remarkable efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is known for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels, offering a renewable energy source for household, industrial, and large-scale applications. They offer a clean, sustainable, and economical way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that use carbon-based compounds, to convert sunlight into electric power. They are compact, bendable, and provide more affordable, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous photovoltaic material used in laminate solar panels due to its abundant and harmless elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an appealing option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, building exteriors, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves applying a light film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations information various massive solar energy installations around the planet, highlighting their output and sites. These facilities function a crucial role in green energy production and global efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive facilities that turn sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in clean energy production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as solar radiation, air currents, and water. It offers a renewable option to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental impact and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, petroleum, and methane, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the chief power sources for electrical energy and transportation but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical power. This process generally happens in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, poisonous elements such as plumbum, Hg, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how efficiently a solar panel transforms sunlight into usable electrical power. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This development is transforming the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through instrument that bending light to focus or spread out rays, forming images. It is often used in equipment like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It improves the clarity and illumination of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes counteract each other, leading to a decrease or complete elimination of the combined wave. This phenomenon generally happens when the waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, allowing effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a small component used to change DC from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It improves system performance by enhancing power output at the module level and streamlines installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the voltage level and current regularly reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is commonly used in residences and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical connector used to deliver DC energy from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and receptacle that guarantee a reliable and consistent link for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide protection validation organization that evaluates and endorses products to confirm they comply with particular security requirements. It assists consumers and firms identify reliable and secure products through strict evaluation and examination procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a solid-state device that permits current to flow in one direction only, functioning as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, designed to provide electrical power for various devices and attachments inside of a vehicle. It enables users to recharge electronic gadgets or use small electronics during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting hardware to computing systems, facilitating data transmission and power delivery. It supports a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, mice, external drives, and cell phones, with various revisions providing faster speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy output and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing breakthroughs in solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio waves to gamma radiation, each with diverse lengths and energies. This range is crucial to a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It has a key role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color design based on variations of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to calculate the intensity of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a specific area, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with understanding the distribution and movement of energy across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is often used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of atmosphere with relatively consistent thermal and moisture properties, deriving from from specific starting zones. These air masses affect weather patterns and sky states as they move across diverse regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the assessment of the energy per square kilometer received from the solar source in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the buildup of debris, and foreign matter on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their efficiency. Regular cleaning and servicing are necessary to reduce energy decrease and maintain maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the highest power generation of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the module's peak capacity to create electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to measure the potential difference between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is widely employed in numerous electrical and electronic setups to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where elevated voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid chemical element crucial for plant growth and used in various industrial applications, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that make it beneficial in producing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of using land for both solar power production and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by leveraging albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides cover while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of several solar panels configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that provides shade and cover from the weather for al fresco areas. It enhances the functionality and look of a patio, making it a cozy space for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a point of interest. It is frequently used in wayfinding, mapping, and celestial observation to specify the orientation of an object in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance extensively utilized in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits excellent optical characteristics, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies features the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies play a crucial role in advancing solar energy adoption and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to quantify large-scale energy output and consumption. It is commonly associated with power plants, power grids, and major energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar energy solutions, specializing in producing thin-film solar cells that provide high efficiency and affordable power output. The firm is dedicated to sustainable energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in smoothly connecting various elements of industrial and automated systems to enhance productivity and trustworthiness. It focuses on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote efficient communication and interoperability among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent Chinese-based firm specializing in producing and developing solar solar products and solutions. Famous for cutting-edge technology and green energy projects in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to indicate the capacity of massive electricity production or consumption. It highlights the huge energy extent involved in current energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost decreases as cumulative output grows, due to gaining knowledge and optimization obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of learned skills in reducing costs and improving productivity in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems transform sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy becomes the same as or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that sustainable energy technologies are economically competitive with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a network of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is harnessed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It represents a sustainable, renewable, and eco-conscious energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, corporate, and factory settings to generate green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy goods features a range of tools that harness sunlight to generate energy, encouraging green and eco-conscious living. These products include ranging from solar power banks and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, offering flexible alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use lenses or mirrors to focus solar radiation onto high-performance photovoltaic cells, considerably increasing power output using less space. This approach is particularly effective in areas with intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |