| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as components that transform sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. They are an green and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a device that captures sunlight to convert heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and vibrant cities like London. It boasts a mixed landscape of gentle slopes, old castles, and lively city hubs that mix heritage with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental radiance emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a kind of power due to the flow of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels numerous systems and networks, enabling modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional movement of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a device that holds chemical energy and changes it into current to operate various electronic devices. It includes multiple galvanic units, each housing electrode pairs separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that converts DC produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home use and grid connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and guaranteeing safe, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction periodically, generally used in residential and industrial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It provides optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to ascertain the extent, amount, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, climate gauges, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that automatically its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are huge facilities that capture sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They provide a renewable and eco-friendly energy power, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps cut down on reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This power is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess energy generated from green sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to offer backup power, cut down energy costs, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels tracks the development and innovations in solar power tech from the early finding of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary advanced solar arrays. It showcases significant milestones, including the creation of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have substantially enhanced power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the basis for understanding how radiation interacts with particular substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US innovator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious innovative organization historically associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar panels. It is a tough, breakable solid substance with a bluish-gray shine, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact device installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach enhances system effectiveness, allows for enhanced system tracking, and improves energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to provide a green and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon is a fundamental particle which represents a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It serves a important role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the process by which particular compounds turn sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind solar cell technology, facilitating the utilization of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy is the velocity at which electricity is conveyed by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and renewable energy, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a standard of power in the SI system, indicating the measure of energy transfer or transformation. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric pressure difference between two points, which causes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the power per individual charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the base unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor, typically measured in A. It is essential for supplying electronic equipment and facilitating the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere is the standard of electric current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electric charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and size of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to protect wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a simple and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is commonly used for powering and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It permits the operation of common electrical appliances in settings where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of solar modules to follow the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, maximizing power intake. This system improves the performance of solar power gathering by keeping optimal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power generation of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the performance point to align with the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process guarantees the best performance energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that tracks and examines the efficiency of solar power systems in real-time, providing useful data on power output and system status. It helps maximize solar energy generation by spotting problems ahead of time and ensuring maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many minute silicon lattice structures, commonly used in solar modules and microchip production. Its creation involves liquefying and reforming silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium type of silicon with a continuous lattice framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronics. Its uniform framework allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in higher functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a kind of film solar technology that offers a economical and effective option for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are their high absorption performance and comparatively affordable manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic devices that use a layered material of Cu, In, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are known for their high absorption efficiency, bendability, and capability for lightweight, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a amorphous atomic arrangement, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic components due to its affordability and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, reducing costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that use several p-n connections arranged in unison to capture a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly used in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that generate sunlight into electricity to power onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize focusing elements or mirrors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is suitable for large-scale solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, providing a economical approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These films are vital in electronic systems, optics, and coverings for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a stratum of substance covering a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronics industry, optics, and medicine, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are accurate gauges used to accurately measure tiny gaps or widths, typically in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a thin, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the base for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the production of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible solar modules known for their excellent performance and adaptability, making them suitable for various uses. They utilize a stratified semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight directly into power with remarkable efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is recognized for being economical and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, providing a sustainable energy source for household, industrial, and grid applications. They offer a clean, renewable, and affordable way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that use carbon-based compounds, to turn sun's energy into electrical power. They are lightweight, pliable, and offer the potential for lower-cost, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a potential electronic substance used in layer solar cells due to its plentiful and harmless elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an desirable option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as rooftops, building exteriors, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and gives a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of solar power stations overview various massive solar energy plants around the planet, showcasing their capacities and locations. These stations serve a vital role in green energy production and international efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive systems that turn sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are essential in clean energy production, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as waste, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly solution to fossil fuels, decreasing environmental impact and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are depleted when used. They are the primary fuels for power production and mobility but pose environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce power for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency measures how effectively a solar panel generates sunlight into convertible electricity. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and cost reductions. This development is transforming the global energy landscape by raising the percentage of renewable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear component that refracts light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It improves the crispness and luminosity of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes counteract each other, causing a diminution or complete elimination of the combined wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waveforms are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that periodically reverses, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally as time progresses, permitting effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a small device used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by maximizing power output at the module level and simplifies setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a system where the potential difference and current cyclically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in households and factories to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a category of electrical coupling used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an device. It generally consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that provide a secure and dependable link for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global security approval body that evaluates and certifies products to guarantee they comply with certain protection norms. It supports consumers and companies find reliable and secure products through thorough review and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this arrangement, the constant current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode acts as a solid-state device that permits current to move in a single sense exclusively, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, intended to deliver electrical power for different devices and add-ons inside a vehicle. It allows users to charge electronic gadgets or operate small electronics while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral peripherals to computing systems, facilitating information exchange and power delivery. It accommodates a variety of peripherals such as keyboards, mouses, external storage devices, and smartphones, with multiple versions offering higher speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to increasing energy production and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing breakthroughs in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio waves to gamma rays, featuring different wavelengths and energies. This range is essential for numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the sun. It has a key role in such as vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on alterations of a single hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight reaching a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to quantify the strength of power or power received or emitted over a particular surface, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with understanding the distribution and transfer of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a big mass of air's with relatively even thermal and dampness features, originating from certain starting areas. These air masses affect weather patterns and air states as they pass through diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the power per square meter received from the Sun in the form of solar rays. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, impacting weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the collection of debris, and impurities on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and servicing are essential to limit energy loss and ensure optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, occurs, skipping the normal load. It poses a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a indicator of the maximum power generation of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak potential to generate electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to check the voltage between two points in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi-metal element crucial for plant growth and applied in multiple industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has distinctive chemical properties that cause it useful in producing long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by utilizing albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shade while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of several solar panels designed to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to produce renewable, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that provides shade and protection from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It boosts the practicality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a comfortable space for leisure and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an surveyor to a point of interest. It is frequently used in wayfinding, mapping, and astronomy to indicate the direction of an object with respect to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a popular option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in driving solar energy adoption and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watt, used to measure large-scale power generation output and utilization. It is typically associated with generating stations, power grids, and major power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar PV energy solutions, expert in manufacturing thin film solar panels that offer high efficiency and low-cost energy production. The company is committed to green energy development and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in smoothly integrating various components of factory and automated systems to enhance efficiency and trustworthiness. It concentrates on creating advanced solutions that facilitate efficient communication and interoperability among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent China's company specializing in producing and developing solar solar products and solutions. It is known for cutting-edge technology and green energy projects in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion W, often utilized to describe the ability of large-scale electricity generation or consumption. It emphasizes the huge power magnitude involved in modern energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost drops as total output grows, due to learning curve and efficiencies achieved over time. This effect highlights the value of accumulated experience in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a environmentally friendly, sustainable energy source that helps lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity means that renewable energy sources are financially viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to houses and companies through a grid of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the region, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all elements of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is absorbed from the solar radiation using PV panels to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It represents a renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, corporate, and industrial sites to generate green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering green energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered goods features a selection of tools that capture sunlight to produce energy, promoting environmentally friendly and eco-conscious living. These products include everything from solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, offering versatile alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a plant that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize optical lenses plus reflectors to focus sunlight on advanced solar cells, significantly boosting energy capture using a smaller area. This technology is particularly effective in areas with intense, direct sunlight and provides a viable solution to reducing the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
